Sunday 22 January 2012

When looking through the census have you ever come across the word of a slubber where it says what job that one of your family did here is what a slubber was in the weaving trade
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Slubber and Overseer
Slubbing, a step between carding and spinning, was one of the earliest mechanized processes in the woolen trade.
After the wool is carded it is brought into a continuous strand of loosely assembled fibers with a slight twist. This process is called slubbing. Around 1786 a machine called the slubbing billy was introduced into the woolen industry. The billy was a hand powered machine until the mid 1800s.

"At one end of the "Billy" was a sloping board or inclined plane, on which the rolls or "cardings" of wool were laid side by side, by young boys or girls called "pieceners." By the action of the machine, these cardings were caught up, drawn in by means of a series of rollers, and elongated by a kind of spinning process so as to be reduced in thickness to a cord about a twelfth of an inch in diameter. Each cord, about a yard long, became lengthened to several yards. The pieceners, as the cards were drawn in, had to place new cardings on the sloping board, and to rub the ends sufficiently to enable them to cohere. This work was very arduous; the child had to watch each carding attentively, and twist another to the end of it; and woe betide him if he permitted a carding to slip through the rollers, for the "slubbers" of even thirty years ago used their "pieceners" with great severity. At the right hand side of the machine was a wheeled carriage or frame, having a row of spindles upon it. By the turning of a handle and moving the carriage to and fro, the cardings were stretched into slubbings and wound upon spindles. Fifty years ago, the " pieceners" employed on these machines were children of seven, or even six years of age, and their hours of labour were from six a.m., or earlier, to eight or nine p.m., or later, at wages varying from 2s. to 3s. per week."
Slubbing at a frame called the billey, generally containing sixty spindles, where the cardings are joined to make a continuous yarn, drawn out, slightly twisted, and wound on bobbins. By a new machine, called the condenser, attached to the carding machine, the wool is brought off in continuous silver, wound on cylinders and ready to be conveyed to the mule, so as to dispense with the billey."
Slubbers could earn twice as much as hand loom weavers. They were considered a proud lot who looked down on the hand loom weavers. In addition to operating the machinery slubbers had a squad of piecers (boys and girls who took carded slivers, joined them by hand and fed them into the slubbing billy ) working under them. Slubbers had a bad reputation for mistreating their piecers by beating them, overworking them, and paying them low wages. The piecers worked for 15 or 16 hours a day for a few pennies. Slubbers also had a reputation for drunkenness. Their wages were high enough, however, that a young woman would consider herself lucky if she was being courted by a slubber. Their good wages enabled them to live well and as a group they were strong and healthy. Information from Baines's Account of the Woolen Manufacture of England 1858
Slubber were apparently strict task masters because they had to keep up with the output of the machine. Several books mention the fact that the slubbers and "overlookers" used a strap to beat the children if they were not working fast enough. Slubblers hired their own piecers who were peputed to frequently be thier own children.
Slubbers also had a reputation as drinkers.
In the early days of the slubbing billy the slubber turned the wheel by hand.

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